1 C is defined relative to 1 hour for full discharge and 3 C means a 3x faster discharge rate (full capacity can safely be discharged in 1/3 hour, or you can discharge 3 cells sequentially in an hour). Good lithium cells tend to be above 5C, can reach 10C for peak load or if cooled.
For a large enough battery it doesn’t really matter, but for dense portable ones a lower C rating means you have to discharge from more cells simultaneously to maintain a given output. That makes it more complicated, and you have less headroom to the battery’s maximum Watt output if you need to accelerate a car hard suddenly.
NMC cells typically operate around 1-2C and LFP cells 1-3C. If you want to achieve 10C then you’re probably gonna have to look at LTO cells. All of these are lithium-ion chemistries but they each have different characteristics.
Sodium ion batteries are asymmetrical, pushing charge current hard can drive the anode negative enough to deposit metallic sodium causing formation of dendrites which destroys the battery
Kind of, yes. But more importantly, it also means it can only push enough power to run at 3c. And that’s probably not for the full charge of the battery.
So a 100 amp hour battery rated at 3c can push out 300 amps. Which also means that if the grid needs a short spike in power, it might be limited.
It shouldn’t be too hard to get a 15c LiPo battery, which could push 5x as much energy at peak demand.
You’d probably kill the battery if you charged it from 0-100 at 15c, but for short bursts of charging and discharging, it should handle it just fine.
I assume 3C is a 20 minute charge?
1 C is defined relative to 1 hour for full discharge and 3 C means a 3x faster discharge rate (full capacity can safely be discharged in 1/3 hour, or you can discharge 3 cells sequentially in an hour). Good lithium cells tend to be above 5C, can reach 10C for peak load or if cooled.
For a large enough battery it doesn’t really matter, but for dense portable ones a lower C rating means you have to discharge from more cells simultaneously to maintain a given output. That makes it more complicated, and you have less headroom to the battery’s maximum Watt output if you need to accelerate a car hard suddenly.
NMC cells typically operate around 1-2C and LFP cells 1-3C. If you want to achieve 10C then you’re probably gonna have to look at LTO cells. All of these are lithium-ion chemistries but they each have different characteristics.
(for context most my knowledge of these cells are from single cell +5000 lumen flashlights :)
The comment I am responding to is about charge rate, not discharge rate
For most batteries that’s the exact same rate
Sodium ion batteries are asymmetrical, pushing charge current hard can drive the anode negative enough to deposit metallic sodium causing formation of dendrites which destroys the battery
Kind of, yes. But more importantly, it also means it can only push enough power to run at 3c. And that’s probably not for the full charge of the battery.
So a 100 amp hour battery rated at 3c can push out 300 amps. Which also means that if the grid needs a short spike in power, it might be limited.
It shouldn’t be too hard to get a 15c LiPo battery, which could push 5x as much energy at peak demand.
You’d probably kill the battery if you charged it from 0-100 at 15c, but for short bursts of charging and discharging, it should handle it just fine.
The comment I am replying to is discussing charge rate of 3C, not discharge rate