Edit: “Updating to the legacy 580xx drivers doesn’t show me a desktop anymore”, just in case someone else can stumble upon this by searching something similar.
Thanks to @[email protected] and @[email protected] I did try fixing it out of curiosity. I had forgotten to install linux-headers. Hopefully someone who actually has the same problem as me, and needs to fix it, can use the tips given in the comments. On my end, I just had to install linux-headers and one reboot later it worked.
Always check if you have all needed packages and don’t just “remember” that you had them installed.
While I agree snapper (what CachyOS uses) I very useful, it is important to draw a distinction between snapshots (snapper) and a proper backup tool (borg or restic). Snapshots are usually stored on the same drive, so in the event of a drive failure/corruption you are still very fucked. Proper backup programs also have other important features, like the ability to select remote locations, setup encryption, etc. DO NOT rely on snapper to (always) save your ass.
That being said, I fucking love snapper and it was the main feature I was missing from openSUSE.
While the distinction can be important, the snapshots from right before the update are exactly what you want in this case over some actual but always somewhat outdated real backup
Snapper can save you from OS destruction, not disk destruction.