PDF.
Today’s leading AI models engage in sophisticated behaviour when placed in strategic competition. They spontaneously attempt deception, signaling intentions they do not intend to follow; they demonstrate rich theory of mind, reasoning about adversary beliefs and anticipating their actions; and they exhibit credible metacognitive self-awareness, assessing their own strategic abilities before deciding how to act.
Here we present findings from a crisis simulation in which three frontier large language models (GPT-5.2, Claude Sonnet 4, Gemini 3 Flash) play opposing leaders in a nuclear crisis.
It’s not a misleading title. It’s just false. It’s a lie.
Glad to see I’m not the only one that read the article, because it was a pretty interesting read.
Yeah, I deleted the comment as technically there was tactical nuke usage, but have a more clarifying different comment about how 2 of the 3 strategic nuclear war outcomes were the result of the author’s mechanic of changing the model’s selections with more severe only options in some cases jumping multiple levels of the ladder.
This was a study designed for headline grabbing outcomes.
Glad to see your comment as well calling out the nuanced issues.