I would imagine the doujinshi is allowed as long as it’s still fan made. For instance the Wikipedia page has a fan made cosplay of Squirtle. By the same logic as long as the manga’s depiction of Squirtle is also fan made (or drawn) then it also seems to get a pass.
It would seem the issue is less how their assets are used and more that their specific assets are used.
I would imagine the doujinshi is allowed as long as it’s still fan made. For instance the Wikipedia page has a fan made cosplay of Squirtle. By the same logic as long as the manga’s depiction of Squirtle is also fan made (or drawn) then it also seems to get a pass.
It would seem the issue is less how their assets are used and more that their specific assets are used.